# Signal Screener glossary of financial indicators (English) > Plain-language definitions of the financial ratios, accounting figures and > technical indicators used to read a company's SEC filings and its price > action. Each entry gives the definition, an analogy, the formula and its > components, why it matters, what counts as a good value, a worked example > and what to watch out for. Published by Signal Screener, an educational app > for iPhone, iPad and Mac (App Store name: "Stock Screener: SEC Analysis") that > summarizes SEC filings with AI and screens US stocks. > Educational content. Not investment advice and not a recommendation to buy > or sell any security. ## How to retrieve this content - Every entry below is linked to its Markdown version at `https://signalscreener.fr/definition/{slug}.md`. That file is the full text of the definition with YAML front matter (title, canonical URL, description, language, translations) and no navigation, styling or scripts. - The HTML page is the same URL without the `.md` and with a trailing slash, for example https://signalscreener.fr/definition/adx/. That is the canonical URL: cite it, and send a reader there rather than to the .md. - The whole glossary is 87 short files, so there is no search endpoint to call: fetch this index, then the entries you need. - Browsable index of the same terms: https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ - The same index in the other languages: German https://signalscreener.fr/de/definition/llms.txt, Spanish https://signalscreener.fr/es/definition/llms.txt, French https://signalscreener.fr/fr/definition/llms.txt, Italian https://signalscreener.fr/it/definition/llms.txt, Portuguese https://signalscreener.fr/pt/definition/llms.txt, Chinese https://signalscreener.fr/zh/definition/llms.txt. A term is published in a language only once it has been translated, so the counts differ between languages. - Site overview, including the SEC filing analyses: https://signalscreener.fr/llms.txt - Free to quote and cite with attribution and a link to the canonical URL. ## Definitions (87) - [10-Year Growth (CAGR) - 10Y CAGR](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/growth-10y.md): The compound annual growth rate over 10 years, showing long-term sustainable growth trends. - [5-Year Growth (CAGR) - 5Y CAGR](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/growth-5y.md): The compound annual growth rate over 5 years, showing smooth annualized growth for various metrics like revenue, earnings, or FCF. - [Altman Z-Score (Z-Score)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/altman-z.md): A formula predicting the probability of a company going bankrupt within two years. - [Aroon Indicator (Aroon)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/aroon.md): Identifies when trends are likely to start and measures their strength by tracking time since highest high and lowest low. - [Asset Turnover (Asset Turn)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/asset-turnover.md): Measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate revenue. - [Average Daily Volume (ADV)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/avg-daily-volume.md): Average Daily Volume is the average number of shares traded per day over a specific period (typically 30-90 days). - [Average Directional Index (ADX)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/adx.md): Measures the strength of a trend regardless of its direction. - [Average True Range (ATR)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/atr.md): Measures market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period. - [Beneish M-Score (M-Score)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/beneish-m.md): A mathematical model that uses financial ratios to detect potential earnings manipulation or accounting fraud. - [Beta](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/beta.md): Beta measures a stock's volatility relative to the market. - [Bollinger Bands (BBands)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/bollinger.md): Volatility bands placed above and below a moving average, using standard deviation to measure price volatility. - [Capex to Revenue (Capex/Rev)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/capex-revenue.md): The percentage of revenue that a company invests back into capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment. - [Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ccc.md): The number of days it takes to convert investments in inventory into cash from sales. - [Cash Ratio](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/cash-ratio.md): The most conservative liquidity ratio, measuring a company's ability to pay short-term debts with only cash and cash equivalents. - [Commodity Channel Index (CCI)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/cci.md): A versatile indicator that measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period. - [Current Ratio](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/current-ratio.md): Current Ratio measures if a company can pay short-term obligations with short-term assets. - [Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/days-inventory.md): The average number of days a company holds inventory before selling it. - [Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/dso.md): The average number of days it takes to collect payment after a sale is made. - [Death Cross (Death X)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/death-cross.md): A bearish signal occurring when the 50-day moving average crosses below the 200-day moving average. - [Debt to Assets (D/A)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/debt-to-assets.md): The percentage of a company's assets that are financed by debt rather than equity. - [Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/debt-to-equity.md): Debt-to-Equity measures how much debt a company uses relative to shareholder equity. - [Dilution Rate (Dilution %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/dilution-rate.md): Dilution Rate shows the annual percentage increase in shares outstanding due to new stock issuance (employee compensation, acquisitions, offerings). - [Dividend Growth Rate (Div Growth)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/dividend-growth.md): The annualized percentage growth in dividends paid per share over a period, typically 5 years. - [Dividend Yield](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/dividend-yield.md): Dividend Yield shows annual dividends as percentage of stock price. - [Earnings Per Share (EPS)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/eps.md): EPS shows how much profit the company earned per share of stock. - [Earnings Surprise (EPS Surprise)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/earnings-surprise.md): The percentage difference between reported earnings and analyst expectations. - [Earnings Yield (E/Y)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/earnings-yield.md): The inverse of the P/E ratio, showing how much earnings you get per dollar invested in the stock. - [EBITDA Margin (EBITDA %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ebitda-margin.md): The percentage of revenue remaining as EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization). - [Effective Tax Rate (Tax Rate)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/effective-tax-rate.md): The actual percentage of pre-tax income paid in taxes, reflecting all deductions, credits, and tax strategies. - [Equity Multiplier (EM)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/equity-multiplier.md): A leverage ratio showing how much of a company's assets are financed by shareholders' equity vs. - [Estimated EPS (Est EPS)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/estimated-eps.md): The consensus Wall Street analyst estimate for earnings per share in the upcoming quarter. - [EV to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCF)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ev-fcf.md): Enterprise value divided by free cash flow, showing how expensive a company is relative to the cash it generates. - [EV/EBITDA](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ev-ebitda.md): Enterprise Value divided by EBITDA, measuring how many years of operating earnings it would take to pay for an acquisition. - [EV/EBITDA](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ev-to-ebitda.md): EV/EBITDA shows how many years of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization) you're paying for a company. - [Exponential Moving Average (EMA)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ema.md): A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices, making it more responsive to new information. - [FCF Margin (5Y Average) - FCF Margin 5Y](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/fcf-margin-5y.md): The average free cash flow margin over the past 5 years, smoothing out year-to-year variations. - [Free Cash Flow Growth (FCF Growth)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/fcf-growth.md): FCF Growth measures how much a company's free cash flow increased year-over-year. - [Free Cash Flow Margin (FCF Margin)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/fcf-margin.md): FCF Margin shows what percentage of revenue becomes free cash flow. - [Free Cash Flow per Share (FCF/Share)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/fcf-per-share.md): FCF per Share divides total free cash flow by the number of shares outstanding. - [Free Cash Flow Yield (FCF Yield)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/fcf-yield.md): Free cash flow per share divided by the stock price, showing what percentage yield an investor receives in FCF terms. - [Free Float (Float)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/free-float.md): Free Float is the number of shares available for public trading, excluding shares held by insiders, promoters, and locked-up shares. - [Free Float % (Float %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/free-float-percent.md): Free Float % is the percentage of total shares that are freely available for public trading. - [Golden Cross (Golden X)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/golden-cross.md): A bullish signal occurring when the 50-day moving average crosses above the 200-day moving average. - [Growth Rates (Growth)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/growth.md): Growth rates show how fast key metrics are increasing year-over-year. - [Historical Volatility (HV)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/volatility.md): Measures how much a stock's price fluctuates over time, based on standard deviation of returns. - [Insider Ownership % (Insider %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/insider-ownership.md): Insider Ownership % shows what percentage of the company is owned by executives, directors, and board members. - [Institutional Ownership (Inst %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/institutional-ownership.md): The percentage of shares owned by institutional investors like mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds. - [Interest Coverage Ratio (Interest Coverage)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/interest-coverage.md): Interest Coverage shows how many times a company can pay interest expenses with its earnings. - [Inventory Turnover (Inv Turn)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/inventory-turnover.md): Measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory during a period. - [Last Reported EPS (Actual EPS)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/reported-eps.md): The actual earnings per share reported by the company in their most recent quarterly earnings release. - [MACD](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/macd.md): MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) shows the relationship between two moving averages. - [MACD Histogram (Histogram)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/macd-histogram.md): The difference between the MACD line and the signal line, displayed as vertical bars that show momentum strength. - [MACD Signal Line (Signal)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/macd-signal.md): A 9-day exponential moving average of the MACD line, used to generate trading signals when it crosses the MACD. - [Market Capitalization (Market Cap)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/market-cap.md): Market Cap is the total value of all a company's shares. - [Money Flow Index (MFI)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/mfi.md): A volume-weighted RSI that measures buying and selling pressure by combining price and volume. - [Net Current Asset Value (NCAV)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/ncav.md): A conservative measure of liquidation value: current assets minus ALL liabilities, divided by shares outstanding. - [Net Debt to EBITDA (ND/EBITDA)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/net-debt-ebitda.md): The ratio of net debt (total debt minus cash) to EBITDA, showing how many years of earnings are needed to pay off debt. - [Net Debt-to-Free Cash Flow (Net Debt/FCF)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/net-debt-to-fcf.md): Net Debt-to-FCF shows how many years it would take to pay off all net debt using free cash flow. - [Next Earnings Date (Earnings)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/earnings-date.md): The expected date when the company will report its next quarterly or annual earnings results. - [On-Balance Volume (OBV)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/obv.md): A cumulative indicator that adds volume on up days and subtracts volume on down days to show buying/selling pressure. - [Piotroski F-Score (F-Score)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/piotroski.md): A 9-point scoring system that evaluates a company's financial strength based on profitability, leverage, and efficiency metrics. - [Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/pb-ratio.md): P/B Ratio compares stock price to book value per share. - [Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/pe-ratio.md): The P/E Ratio compares a stock's price to its earnings per share. - [Price-to-Free Cash Flow (P/FCF)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/price-to-fcf.md): P/FCF measures how much you're paying for a company's actual cash generation. - [Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/price-to-sales.md): P/S Ratio values company based on revenue instead of earnings. - [Price/Earnings-to-Growth Ratio (PEG Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/peg-ratio.md): The PEG Ratio adjusts the P/E ratio for growth. - [Profit Margins (Margins)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/margins.md): Margins show what percentage of revenue becomes profit at different stages. - [Quick Ratio](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/quick-ratio.md): Quick Ratio (Acid Test) is like Current Ratio but excludes inventory. - [Receivables Turnover (Rec Turn)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/receivables-turnover.md): Measures how efficiently a company collects its receivables (money owed by customers). - [Relative Strength Index (RSI)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/rsi.md): RSI measures momentum - is a stock overbought (too high, due for drop) or oversold (too low, due for bounce)? - [Return on Assets (ROA)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/roa.md): ROA measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit. - [Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/roce.md): A profitability ratio measuring how efficiently a company generates profits from all capital employed in the business. - [Return on Equity (ROE)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/roe.md): ROE measures how much profit a company generates with shareholder money. - [Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/roic.md): ROIC measures how efficiently a company uses investor money (debt and equity) to generate profits. - [ROIC (5-Year Average) - ROIC 5Y](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/roic-5y.md): The average Return on Invested Capital over 5 years, showing consistent ability to generate returns above cost of capital. - [Shares Outstanding (Shares Out)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/shares-outstanding.md): Shares Outstanding is the total number of shares that have been issued by the company and are currently held by all shareholders, including institutional investors, insiders, and the public. - [Short Interest (Short Int)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/short-interest.md): The total number of shares that have been sold short but not yet covered or closed out. - [Short Interest % (Short %)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/short-interest-percent.md): Short Interest % shows what percentage of the free float has been sold short. - [Short Ratio (Days to Cover)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/short-ratio.md): The number of days it would take short sellers to cover their positions based on average daily volume. - [Simple Moving Average (SMA)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/sma.md): SMA smooths price action by averaging prices over a period. - [Stochastic Oscillator (Stoch)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/stochastic.md): A momentum indicator comparing a closing price to its price range over a given time period. - [Stock-Based Compensation per Share (SBC/Share)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/sbc-per-share.md): SBC per Share divides total stock-based compensation by shares outstanding, showing the dilution impact per share you own. - [Stock-Based Compensation-to-Revenue (SBC/Revenue)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/sbc-to-revenue.md): SBC-to-Revenue measures what percentage of revenue is spent on employee stock compensation. - [Trading Volume (Volume)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/volume.md): Volume is the number of shares traded in a day. - [Volume Ratio (Vol Ratio)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/volume-ratio.md): Current volume compared to average volume, showing if trading activity is above or below normal. - [Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP)](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/vwap.md): The average price weighted by volume, showing the true average price paid by all traders throughout the day. - [Williams %R](https://signalscreener.fr/definition/williams-r.md): A momentum indicator measuring the level of the close relative to the high-low range over a period, similar to Stochastic but inverted.