Price-to-Book Ratio

What is P/B Ratio?

P/B Ratio compares stock price to book value per share. It shows how much investors pay for each dollar of net assets. P/B < 1 might mean undervalued.

Think of it like this

Buying a house: Book value is like the cost to build it from scratch. If you can buy it for less than construction cost (P/B < 1), it might be a bargain!

Formula

P/B = Stock Price / Book Value Per Share
  • Stock Price: Current market price
  • Book Value: Assets minus liabilities per share

Why it matters

  • Values company based on assets
  • P/B < 1 might signal undervaluation
  • Important for asset-heavy companies
  • Banks and financials rely on P/B

What's a good value?

< 1
Potentially Undervalued
Trading below book value
1-3
Fair Value
Normal for most companies
3-5
Premium
Growth or quality premium
> 5
Expensive
High growth or overvalued

Real-world example

Bank of America P/B: 1.2 - typical for banks. Amazon P/B: 15 - investors value future earnings over current assets. Distressed company P/B: 0.5 - might be a value trap or opportunity.

Things to watch out for

  • Book value can be outdated
  • Doesn't capture intangible assets well
  • Tech companies often have high P/B
  • Low P/B might signal problems

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