Price-to-Free Cash Flow

What is P/FCF?

P/FCF measures how much you're paying for a company's actual cash generation. It's similar to P/E ratio but uses free cash flow instead of earnings, which is harder to manipulate.

Think of it like this

Imagine buying a vending machine that generates $100 real cash per year after all expenses. If you pay $1,500, that's a P/FCF of 15. You're paying 15 years of cash flow. Lower P/FCF means better value!

Formula

P/FCF = Market Cap / Free Cash Flow
  • Market Cap: Total company value (stock price × shares)
  • Free Cash Flow: Cash after all expenses and investments (Operating Cash Flow - CapEx)

Why it matters

  • Shows if you're paying fair price for actual cash generation
  • More reliable than P/E - harder to manipulate cash
  • Warren Buffett focuses on free cash flow
  • Important for mature, cash-generating companies

What's a good value?

< 10
Undervalued
Strong cash generation relative to price
10-20
Fair Value
Reasonable valuation
20-30
Premium
Paying for growth or quality
> 30
Expensive
High expectations or overvalued

Real-world example

Apple P/FCF: ~15 - fair value for tech giant. Amazon P/FCF: 25+ - investors paying for growth. Utilities P/FCF: 8-12 - mature, steady businesses. High-growth startups: often negative FCF.

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